Background information for parents

"To this day I would urge any prospective parent visiting a school for the first time to ask the headteacher if they could visit the children’s toilets. This would soon show whether the avowed caring ethos of the school is enacted on a daily basis. It would also demonstrate how much the school values and respects its pupils – the citizens we will come to rely upon in the future."
Stuart McLeod, Headteacher, Southwell primary school, Portland, Dorset
Times Educational Supplement, March 7 2003

"Going to the toilet is more than just a physical reflex. The whole ambience must be comfortable for adequate elimination. Specific funding needs to be identified to ensure the minimum standard of toilets children deserve. Basic improvement in toilet standards would be cost effective, preventing future consequential urinary and bowel problems and outbreaks of infectious diseases."
Sue Vernon, Hon Senior Research Associate, Newcastle
“Children’s experiences of school toilets present a risk to their physical and psychological health” in Child: Care, Health and Development, 29:1; Pages 47-53, 2003

When was the last time you checked out your children’s toilets at school?

When you first went to look around, you probably checked out the computer suite that the school has spent thousands of pounds on and was keen to impress you with. Perhaps your child will get to use it once a week. But what about the toilets that s/he should be using several times a day?

Surely there’s a law saying toilets should be clean and in working order?

Yes, but only for adults’ toilets at work – and teachers’ toilets at school. Adults’ toilets must, by law, be kept clean, in working order, well-maintained and stocked at all times with toilet paper, soap and have hand drying facilities. The toilets for children, on the other hand, can, legally, be in any state at all. The law is only concerned with ensuring an acceptable number of toilets and washbasins for the number of children in the school: one toilet for every 20 children over the age of five. In Sweden the ratio is one to 15 children.

But then I suppose school toilets have always been grotty

Matters have improved since a 1944 Women’s Institute survey found that one village school in two had an earth or bucket toilet. However, there are plenty of school toilets today that are so repellent that children only use them if desperate, or even hang on all day until they get home. We are now much more aware of the impact of repellent toilets on children: there’s a growing catalogue of evidence of short and long-term health problems that affect children’s physical and mental health and learning.

At least there are few, if any, outside toilets today

In theory, it’s a lot better to have toilets inside the school away from the cold and the rain and in buildings where the teachers are. But, in practice, it’s a bit of a mixed blessing. At least children could access them when they were in the playground. Now some children are not allowed to go to the toilet when they need to, because staff don’t want children inside during breaks. What is needed are inside toilets, with direct access from within the school as well as directly from the playground.

But I suppose it will be expensive to improve all the toilets?

Certainly refurbishments and new toilets can cost several thousands of pounds. But then all those computers aren’t cheap either. If, to take just one example, you calculate the cost to the NHS of treating all the children with urinary and bowel problems, caused or exacerbated by poor toilets at school, then spending money on the toilets doesn’t seem such a big deal after all. There are actually a lot of low-budget solutions that can make a big difference to pupils’ toilets and transform them from a ‘hellhole’ into somewhere decent. All it takes is a real commitment to put toilets high in the list of priorities and to work with the pupils in implementing a few simple changes.

What are the low-budget solutions?

Low-budget solutions include:

  • introducing a widely communicated toilet management policy
  • pupil ownership and participation in managing the toilets
  • pupil comments/complaints procedure
  • increasing cleaning to more than once a day
  • ensuring toilet paper, soap and hand towels are replenished throughout the day
  • supervision of toilets during breaks
  • adequate ventilation
  • air fresheners
  • fixing leaks and breakages promptly
  • working locks on all cubicle doors
  • good lighting
  • increasing partition heights and doors
  • pot plants
  • mirrors
  • pictures
  • colourful murals
  • colourful wall tiles
  • colourful and funky toilets seats
These solutions should be adopted with the participation of pupils and parents in addition to the teaching staff and governors.

What is the Bog Standard campaign doing about pupils' toilets?

We’re aiming to get pupils’ toilets on the agenda in every school and in government. We started off by organising a survey of school toilets and drinking water. This was carried out mainly by school nurses of the CPHVA (Community Practitioners’ and Health Visitors’ Association) across the UK during the summer term in 2003. The results are on the Bog Standard website on the Survey Results page. The survey has given us the necessary data to lobby government and local education authorities to improve pupils’ toilets – and to provide drinking water away from toilet areas. In 2006 we introduced a three–tier School Toilet Award, being piloted in association with local co-ordinators from the government’s Healthy Schools Programme, to recognise and promote good toilet provision for pupils in schools. You can read about the Award on the Bog Standard website on the Healthy Schools page. We have also been working with architects on a Department of Education and Skills project (expected to be published in 2007) that provides guidance on design, standardised specifications, layouts and dimensions for secondary school toilets.

Can clean toilets really make a difference?

Have you ever had to use public toilets that made you cringe with disgust and choke on the smell? Well, that’s what some children have to put up with every day. We need to ensure that children can use toilets that have the same standards as are required in work places. Many adults would not tolerate the conditions which our children are expected to put up with at school.

What’s wrong with expecting children to wait until breaks?

Well, it certainly helps if children can be sure of regular breaks throughout the day. But sadly, there is an increasing trend, even at primary level, to abolish an afternoon break – in order to fit in as many hours in the classroom as possible to meet targets and in order to avoid the possibility of incidents in the playground. It can be two hours or longer before a break. Then it’s a scrum in the toilets with no hope of privacy.

Children's bladders and bowels can't be programmed to a school timetable of set times, which may not be drawn up with the best interest of children's toilet (and drinking and eating) needs in mind. Even where schools do, in theory, allow pupils to use the toilets between or during lessons, if you speak to your children you may discover that the reality is somewhat different.

If you can’t get to the toilet when you need to, you’re certainly not going to be encouraged to drink adequately at school either. Just imagine if the same restrictions on going to the toilet at set times were implemented in most offices, say 15 minutes at 10:25 and 30 minutes at 12:30 – there would be uproar!

Shouldn’t the government be doing something?

Absolutely. We need the same laws for children in schools as adults have in the workplace. But to get changes in law, we need:

  • recognition that regulations are needed
  • commitment
  • time to put them in place
  • measures to enforce them.

It’s ironic how people are always complaining about over-regulation and the ‘nanny state’, yet when it comes to children, who are amongst the most vulnerable and least listened to members of our society, the only legislation that exists is a minimum number of toilets. For further information, see our factsheet on legislation relating to toilet provision for pupils and adults.

The current climate of thinking doesn’t look too favourable at the moment, as the trend is to de-regulate schools and hand over more freedom to headteachers. Fine if your head puts toilets high on his/her list of priorities – and thankfully there are some of those. But that doesn't help pupils whose headteachers are not interested in improving toilets.

As staff are not the ones who have to use pupils' toilets, most rarely, if ever, go inside them. There are also too few parents complaining about the toilets. Therefore, there is no real incentive to do anything. In the meantime, children are suffering.

So what can we, as parents, do?

There are lots of things that parents can do. See below for ideas. The Bog Standard website has a range of resources to help, including other factsheets like this one, a poster and lobby letter templates.

Involving your child

  • Ask your child about his/her toilets, so you can be sure of your facts. When are pupils allowed access to the toilets? What sort of state are the toilets in? Is there enough privacy?
  • Your child could do a survey to find out what other pupils think about the toilets? The pupils' section of the Bog Standard website has a survey template.
  • What does s/he think should be done about the toilets? Does s/he have any suggestions or ideas?
  • If your school has a school council, encourage your child to ask his or her representative to speak at the next meeting (and all subsequent meetings).
  • If s/he wants to, your child can organise a petition amongst pupils. A petition form is available on the Bog Standard website.

In school

  • Schools are most sensitive to comments when you’re a prospective parent, so always ask to be shown the pupils' toilets when you make a visit– and comment on what you find.
  • Ask prospective schools when children are allowed to visit the toilets.
  • Regularly take a look at the pupils’ toilets when you're in school/picking your child up. It's a good idea to ask permission from a teacher and have them escort you into the toilets.

Talking to teachers, the head and governors

  • If access to toilets is restricted to certain times, raise the issue of access with your child's teacher and follow this up with a letter.
  • Raise the issue of pupils’ toilets calmly and politely with the headteacher and school governors (ask them to visit the pupils' toilets – some governors may never have done so).
  • Contact the school nurse to ask if s/he can talk to the school about this issue (the school office can give you contact details).
  • Talk to other parents – what do their children think?
  • Tell your school about the Bog Standard campaign and/or website. The web address is www.bog-standard.org.
  • Put up a poster/flyer/leaflet with the headteacher's permission. A poster is available from the pupils' section of the Bog Standard website.
  • Encourage the school to consider providing toilets (single toilet or two toilets) next to each classroom (or classroom cluster), so that access would be from the classroom and close to the teacher.

Working with pupils, teachers and other parents

  • Find out what your PTA is doing about the pupils' toilets.
  • Suggest the PTA fundraises to improve the toilets and offer to help.
  • Seek permission to form a working party with pupils to paint the toilets, put up colourful tiles, create a mural – initial, short-term changes can help raise morale and encourage pupils to look after toilets.
  • Tap into the skills and contacts of parents and governors to make greater improvements.

Enlist the help of the Children’s Commissioner

Encourage your child to write to the office of their regional Children's Commissioner. It is their job to help children. It is best if your child writes, but you can write on behalf of your child, or in your child's name. Children's Commissioners may not be able take up individual cases, but can write to your child's school if the issue being raised has wider implications for a larger number of pupils. They don't have the powers to force a school to change, but they can:

  • write to the school for you, if you give them your school's address. Don't worry - they won’t reveal your or your child’s name!
  • write to your Local Education Authority
  • help your child write to the head teacher, your Local Education Authority or Board of Governors

If you are in Wales Email post@childcomwales.org.uk
If you are in Northern Ireland Email yourshout@niccy.org.
If you are in Scotland Email info@sccyp.org.uk
If you are you in England Email support@childrenscommissioner.org

Ofsted inspections

About every three years an inspection team from Ofsted inspects your child’s school. The school will know this about two to three days before the inspection. As a parent of a child at the school, you will be given a questionnaire to fill in. This is an ideal opportunity to mention the school toilets and raise your concerns. You can also mention any concerns with drinking water provision and access. Now included in Ofsted inspections is “the extent to which the provision contributes to the learners’ capacity to stay safe and healthy.” You can write directly to the chief inspector, whose name and contact details should be provided by the school. The more parents mention the toilets, the more the toilets will be taken seriously.

Funding

  • Appeal for sponsorship to fund refurbishments from local businesses through an open to readers in your local paper or approach businesses directly.
  • Invite sponsorship of a full-time toilet supervisor and cleaner. Write an open letter to readers in your local paper or approach businesses directly.
  • Talk to the headteacher about any funding opportunities available through the LEA or from the government.
  • Discuss the issue of funding for the toilets with the headteacher and then with his/her backing get the governors to inspect the toilets and make improving them a priority in the next year’s budget.
  • If you have any pupils with disabilities, schools now have to have the correct facilities. This could mean getting a refurbishment carried out by your LEA.
  • See the funding and fundraising factsheet for other ideas.

Petitions and letters

  • If, having done all this, or having failed to get the staff on side, you consider that the school is not taking toilets (the state of them or issues of access) seriously enough, why not start a petition, or encourage the pupils to do so?
  • Send a lobby letter to
    • the school's headteacher
    • school governors
    • your local MP
    • your Local Education Authority
    • the Department for Education and Skills
    • the Department of Health
  • You can get letter templates from the Bog Standard website and can adapt them to cover the precise issues that affect your school. There are also letter-writing tips and how to contact people.
  • Write to your local paper.
  • Write to the Secretary of State for Education and Skills at Sanctuary Buildings, Great Smith Street, London, SW1P 3BT. He or she has the power to direct schools to meet regulations. You could write about a particular problem in your child’s school.

Funding

  • Share your experiences on the Bog Standard website – we post selected comments that we receive unless you ask us not to.
  • The more people that talk to us, the more support we will have for the campaign.

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